Skip to Main Content

Reference Materials at NYU Libraries

This guide supports finding, using, and learning about reference sources in our collections.

What's on this page?

Bibliographies arrange citations related to particular topics. They provide a guide to the literature on specific subjects or by a specific author. Bibliographies are useful for identifying core texts within a given field of inquiry. You may also see the term or title “Index” alongside bibliographies; indices guide users specifically to citations from newspapers, magazines, or other periodicals and are typically organized along a few “entry points” including subject, geography, date, or publication.  

Directories compile contact and background information about individuals and organizations, usually with a thematic and/or geographical focus. They are issued serially in order to provide up to date information. Directories are particularly useful for international research. They are also helpful for marketing and outreach efforts. Historical directories may be useful for genealogy or corporate history.

Searching the Catalog for Bibliographies

Finding bibliographies can be challenging. Because books’ tables of contents often appear in catalog metadata, if a “chapter” is named “bibliography,” the item may surface in your search results even though it is not a comprehensive bibliographical work. Use two Subject search fields in the Advanced Search in order to narrow your scope to bibliographic works AND your topic. You can also apply the “Bibliography” or “Bibliographies” Genre filter after performing a search. 

An advanced search page in the catalog. The search profile is set to search "Library Catalog." The subject is set to "contains" the term "bibliography" and the second subject term, connected with AND, is "renaissance."

 Scoping your search to “Library Catalog (Excluding articles)” will remove any articles from databases from the results, but you will still see entries from online reference texts such as Oxford Bibliographies that are categorized as “Other.”

A snippet of a catalog results page displaying two entires that are the "Other" resource type.

Oxford Bibliographies are highly authoritative scholarly sources compiled by experts in a given field of study. They are arranged by subject and browsable alphabetically. Entries are routinely updated to ensure that relevant developments and citations are added.

A results page for the search "portraiture" in the Oxford Bibliographies database.

Popular Online Bibliographies

Searching the Catalog for Directories

Tips for searching for directories: 

  • Use the Advanced Search feature of the library catalog.
  • Set the “Any Field” dropdown menu to “Subject.” This will tell the database to search for your keyword(s) within the subject heading field of the catalog records.
  • Use the genre term "directories" in the plural.
  • Additional subject terms (specific) or keywords (more general) can be added to the next search line, joined with AND, to specify the type of directory you are looking for.

An advanced search page set to search "library catalog" with the subject field set to "contains" the term "directories" and the second field, joined with AND, set to search any field that "contains" the term "oceanography"

Popular Online Directories