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Integrative Review Capstone Toolkit

This guide is designed for nursing students who are completing an integrative review as their capstone assignment.

Beginning to Collect Literature

With an idea for a topic and review question in mind, you will eventually build a structured, comprehensive database search to attempt to locate all the available literature that addresses that review question.  Before you try to build a comprehensive search, it is helpful to perform some less structured, initial scoping searches to determine what kind of literature exists on your topic.  

You could use a multi-disciplinary database, like ProQuest Central, or a subject specific database, like CINAHL or Education Source with ERIC to begin to scope for literature.  Discovery tools like GoogleScholar might also be helpful in this phase. 

Evaluating Sources

As you find sources that seem to be relevant to your topic, consider:

  • What kind of source is it?
    • A report of original research? (If so, what kind of research method was used?) Review of existing research? Theoretical work? Commentary/opinion? Policy paper? 
    • How was this source communicated out to the world?
      • Published in a scholarly journal? Presented at a conference? Published as a book section/chapter? Deposited in a thesis/dissertation repository?
    • Is this a peer-reviewed source?
  • What information does this source provide?
  • How might this source be useful for your review?
    • As a sentinel article?
    • Does it represent or reference a theoretical framework that could be applicable to your review?
    • As a source of background information, providing context or justification for the review?

Identifying a Potential Theoretical Framework

A theoretical or conceptual framework in nursing research "identifies the key concepts and describes their relationships to each other and to the phenomena (variables) of concern to nursing. It serves as the foundation on which a study can be developed or as a map to aid in the design of the study" (McEwen, 2018, p. 69). 

Examples of theoretical frameworks include:

Not all integrative reviews are conducted within an established theoretical framework or conceptual model, but where a relevant theoretical framework exists, it can be a useful guide for organizing and structuring the review.  

Suggestions for Identifying Theoretical Frameworks

Search for articles on a particular topic that employ a framework, model, or theory

In CINAHL, you can use subject headings in combination with your topic of interest to locate articles that integrate or refer to theories. 

Try searching ((MH "Models, Theoretical+") OR (MH "Conceptual Framework") OR (MH "Nursing Theory+")) AND [your topic of interest]

Browse secondary and tertiary sources that refer to theoretical frameworks in nursing 

References

McEwen, M. (2018). Theoretical frameworks for research. In G. LoBiondo-Wood & J. Haber (Eds.), Nursing research: Methods and critical appraisal for evidence-based practice (9th edition, pp. 66–82). Elsevier.

Sentinel Articles

During the background research and topic formulation stage, it is important to save any articles that exemplify the type of literature you are hoping to synthesize in your review (e.g., articles that address your review question). 

These sources are sentinel articles, or articles that serve as examples of papers that fit your eligibility criteria and represent the types of sources you want to make sure are retrieved in your database searches.  Sentinel articles are important because:

  • they demonstrate that literature does exist on your topic
  • they can be used to design and test search strategies to locate additional articles
  • the process of locating sentinel articles gives you the opportunity to 'pilot test' your review question and eligibility criteria

Saving Citations

Citation management software helps you take notes, organize research, import citations from electronic databases and catalogs, format reference lists in standard styles (MLA, APA etc.); insert footnotes and endnotes directly into your papers.

  • Zotero A free citation management tool.
  • RefWorks Web-based program, licensed to everyone in the NYU community.
  • EndNote Licensed to everyone in the NYU community.

How Do I Choose Between RefWorks, EndNote, and Zotero?

Come to a Library Workshop or view this comparison list.