Some journals publish some of their articles Gold Open Access, and offer toll access to the rest. These are referred to as “hybrid” journals. The majority of these are journals that began as traditional toll-access journals published by the large publishers who have traditionally monopolized the market and the output of scholarly publishing, such as Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, Wiley, and Springer. Most of these function by offering the author a choice between traditional toll access publication and open access publication for a fee. Hybrid journals are thus overall financed by both subscription and article fees paid by readers, and fees paid by authors for immediate open access publication.
